Karen E. Alexander

Karen E. Alexander

Karen Alexander is a historian who is currently Project Coordinator of the Gulf of Maine Cod Project.

Shifting Baselines

Shifting Baselines

The Past and the Future of Ocean Fisheries

Shifting Baselines explores the real-world implications of a groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term "shifting baselines" to describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal.