Preface
Acknowledgments
Summary for Decision-makers
Chapter 1. Introduction and Conceptual Framework
-Introduction
-Overview of Conceptual Framework
-The Multiscale Approach
-Types of Knowledge Assessed
-Minimizing Structural Biases
-Use in Decision-making
Chapter 2. Ecosystems and their Services
-Introduction
-Ecosystems Boundaries and Categories
-Ecosystem Services
-Provisioning Services, Regulating Services, Cultural Services, Supporting Services, A Multisectoral Approach
-Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
-Ecosystem Condition and Sustainable Use
-Flows of Provisioning Services, Condition of Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting Services,
-Variability, Resilience, and Thresholds in Services, Ecosystem Health and Other Related
-Concepts, Substitution of Services
Chapter 3. Ecosystems and Human Well-being
-Introduction
-Key Components of Human Well-being
-Linkages Between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being
-Substitutability and Well-being
-Balancing Priorities: Present Versus Future
-Institutions and Freedoms
-Conclusion
Chapter 4. Drivers of Change in Ecosystems and their Services
-Introduction
-Previous Approaches on the Factors of Change
-Drivers: An Overview
-The Decision-maker Within the Ecosystem
-Ecosystem Consequences of Decisions Outside an Ecosystem
-Drivers of Ecosystem Change
-Demographic Drivers, Economic Drivers, Sociopolitical Drivers, Scientific and Technological
-Drivers, Drivers Determined by Cultural and Religious Values, Physical, Biological, and Chemical Drivers
-Interactions Among Drivers
Chapter 5. Dealing with Scale
-Introduction
-Why Scale Matters
-Changing Scales
-Space and Time Domains
-Inertia in Human and Ecological Systems
-Viewing a Particular Scale in Context
-Scales in Ecological and Human Systems
-Scale and Policy
-Politics of Scale, Institutional Fit and Interplay
-Guidance for Multiscale Assessments
-Choosing the Appropriate Scales, Resolutions, and Boundaries, Integration Across Scales
Chapter 6. Concepts of Ecosystem Value and Valuation Approaches
-Introduction
--The Utilitarian Approach and Economic Valuation Methods
-Motivations for Economic Valuation, Total Economic Value, Economic Valuation Methods, Putting Economic Valuation into Practice
-Non-utilitarian Value
-Sociocultural Values, The Intrinsic Value Paradigm, The Interactions of Political and Market
-Metrics
-Conclusion
Chapter 7. Analytical Approaches
-Introduction
-Data
-Challenges in Using Data, Data Quality Assurance, Indicator Selection
-Units of Analysis and Reporting
-Ecosystem Boundaries, Relating Ecological and Human-centered Units, Reporting Units
-Modelling Issues
-Environmental System Models, Human System Models, Integrated Models
-Scenario Analysis
-Scenarios for Ecological Services, Review of Scenario Types and Approaches, The MA
-Approach to Scenario Analysis, Models to Support Scenario Analysis
-Overarching Issues
-Matters of Scale, Review and Validation Procedures, Analysis of Uncertainty
-Conclusions
Chapter 8. Strategic Interventions, Response Options, and Decision-making
-Introduction
-Decision-making Processes
-Response Options and Strategic Interventions
-Usable Knowledge
-Dealing with Risk and Uncertainty
-Decision Analytical Frameworks and Tools
Appendix 1. Chapter Responsibilities
Appendix 2. Reviewers
Appendix 3. List of Acronyms
Appendix 4. Glossary
Sources